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The Franks had been living spread out on the Roman frontier as “Roman-lovers” for hundreds of years. They were in a very real way not outsiders bursting in, but an established if fringe and crude Romanesque culture seizing pre-eminence. There is a reason why they eventually assumed the Roman seat themselves: they were an Imperial people, and they saw themselves as continuers of Roman institutions. Their kingdoms, although politically barbarian monarchies, were in civil society and discourse very much Romanized. They valued learning, preserved and expanded significantly upon Roman systems, and used the Church as a substitute for the civility they themselves did not have. The Norsemen were largely outside the Roman cultural sphere; but in terms of the scale of their power, they compete with the Romans on their own merits. The Norse, or Varangians, set themselves as “civilizers” over the Slavic and Finnish tribes of eastern Europe, colonised Europe and Asia just as the Romans did, and had an almost global reach: their easternmost colonies were in northern Iran, their westernmost in the New World. The power and cohesion of their civites, the origin of the idea of civilization, granted them centuries of economic dominance and the largest territorial empire in Europe, the Rus’ Rurikovich state. The Anglo-Saxons are not remotely comparable to the Franks or Norsemen in terms of political or economic power. The main reason for their inclusion in this list is that when the Norsemen conquered them and took their name, they became a Great Power in Europe, and some of that Plantagenet light splashed back on the name of the English. Yet if civilization is actually civilized, then the Anglo-Saxons may well come out on top. 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Almost all of the written sources for the Viking Age were written centuries afterwards and such tiny details have not been very well conserved. In Norway, though, it has been believed for the longest time that “Heil ok sæll” (or “Heil ok sæl”, in the feminine) was a typical Viking-Age greeting (Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka + Page on snl.no). To be fair, “heil” exists in a form or another, in most germanic languages (even when it became ´hey´) and “sæll” exists in modern Icelandic, the closest thing there is to the language(s) of the Viking Age. In addition, this idiom exists ina few Medieval Icelandic sagas, STURLAUGS SAGA STARFSAMA (Sturlaugs saga starfsama) and Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla (Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla) as well as Njáls saga (Njála, 116 – WikiSaga) but both, as I said, post-date the viking age by quite some time (especially Sturlaug’s). It is also found in the Medieval poem Skiðarima if you are interested (Skíðaríma – heimskringla.no). Of all of these sources, two are set up in a mythological/Heroical setting (STU + SKI), one is set in the Middle Ages (MAG) and one is set in the Viking Age (NJA). Therefore, I personally don’t think we can say for sure this idiom was used then. However, a few other sagas include the term “að heilsa” to mean “to greet” and it seems that it was much more widespread in the literature. T-Shirt AT Fashion LLC – DODOL Clothing Store Tibetan Terrier I Try To Be Good Dog But I Take After My Mom Vintage Tshirts Black The Franks had been living spread out on the Roman frontier as “Roman-lovers” for hundreds of years. They were in a very real way not outsiders bursting in, but an established if fringe and crude Romanesque culture seizing pre-eminence. There is a reason why they eventually assumed the Roman seat themselves: they were an Imperial people, and they saw themselves as continuers of Roman institutions. 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The Anglo-Saxons are not remotely comparable to the Franks or Norsemen in terms of political or economic power. The main reason for their inclusion in this list is that when the Norsemen conquered them and took their name, they became a Great Power in Europe, and some of that Plantagenet light splashed back on the name of the English. Yet if civilization is actually civilized, then the Anglo-Saxons may well come out on top. Where both Franks and Normans butchered nations, colonized countries and “made a desert, and called it peace”, the Anglo-Saxons lived without any serious bloodshed in a calm part of the world. That’s not what makes it into the history books, but no news is good news where historians are concerned. 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Almost all of the written sources for the Viking Age were written centuries afterwards and such tiny details have not been very well conserved. In Norway, though, it has been believed for the longest time that “Heil ok sæll” (or “Heil ok sæl”, in the feminine) was a typical Viking-Age greeting (Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka + Page on snl.no). To be fair, “heil” exists in a form or another, in most germanic languages (even when it became ´hey´) and “sæll” exists in modern Icelandic, the closest thing there is to the language(s) of the Viking Age. In addition, this idiom exists ina few Medieval Icelandic sagas, STURLAUGS SAGA STARFSAMA (Sturlaugs saga starfsama) and Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla (Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla) as well as Njáls saga (Njála, 116 – WikiSaga) but both, as I said, post-date the viking age by quite some time (especially Sturlaug’s). It is also found in the Medieval poem Skiðarima if you are interested (Skíðaríma – heimskringla.no). Of all of these sources, two are set up in a mythological/Heroical setting (STU + SKI), one is set in the Middle Ages (MAG) and one is set in the Viking Age (NJA). Therefore, I personally don’t think we can say for sure this idiom was used then. However, a few other sagas include the term “að heilsa” to mean “to greet” and it seems that it was much more widespread in the literature. T-Shirt AT Fashion LLC – DODOL Clothing Store
The Franks had been living spread out on the Roman frontier as “Roman-lovers” for hundreds of years. They were in a very real way not outsiders bursting in, but an established if fringe and crude Romanesque culture seizing pre-eminence. There is a reason why they eventually assumed the Roman seat themselves: they were an Imperial people, and they saw themselves as continuers of Roman institutions. Their kingdoms, although politically barbarian monarchies, were in civil society and discourse very much Romanized. They valued learning, preserved and expanded significantly upon Roman systems, and used the Church as a substitute for the civility they themselves did not have. The Norsemen were largely outside the Roman cultural sphere; but in terms of the scale of their power, they compete with the Romans on their own merits. The Norse, or Varangians, set themselves as “civilizers” over the Slavic and Finnish tribes of eastern Europe, colonised Europe and Asia just as the Romans did, and had an almost global reach: their easternmost colonies were in northern Iran, their westernmost in the New World. The power and cohesion of their civites, the origin of the idea of civilization, granted them centuries of economic dominance and the largest territorial empire in Europe, the Rus’ Rurikovich state. The Anglo-Saxons are not remotely comparable to the Franks or Norsemen in terms of political or economic power. The main reason for their inclusion in this list is that when the Norsemen conquered them and took their name, they became a Great Power in Europe, and some of that Plantagenet light splashed back on the name of the English. Yet if civilization is actually civilized, then the Anglo-Saxons may well come out on top. Where both Franks and Normans butchered nations, colonized countries and “made a desert, and called it peace”, the Anglo-Saxons lived without any serious bloodshed in a calm part of the world. That’s not what makes it into the history books, but no news is good news where historians are concerned. 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Almost all of the written sources for the Viking Age were written centuries afterwards and such tiny details have not been very well conserved. In Norway, though, it has been believed for the longest time that “Heil ok sæll” (or “Heil ok sæl”, in the feminine) was a typical Viking-Age greeting (Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka + Page on snl.no). To be fair, “heil” exists in a form or another, in most germanic languages (even when it became ´hey´) and “sæll” exists in modern Icelandic, the closest thing there is to the language(s) of the Viking Age. In addition, this idiom exists ina few Medieval Icelandic sagas, STURLAUGS SAGA STARFSAMA (Sturlaugs saga starfsama) and Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla (Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla) as well as Njáls saga (Njála, 116 – WikiSaga) but both, as I said, post-date the viking age by quite some time (especially Sturlaug’s). It is also found in the Medieval poem Skiðarima if you are interested (Skíðaríma – heimskringla.no). Of all of these sources, two are set up in a mythological/Heroical setting (STU + SKI), one is set in the Middle Ages (MAG) and one is set in the Viking Age (NJA). Therefore, I personally don’t think we can say for sure this idiom was used then. However, a few other sagas include the term “að heilsa” to mean “to greet” and it seems that it was much more widespread in the literature. T-Shirt AT Fashion LLC – DODOL Clothing Store Tibetan Terrier I Try To Be Good Dog But I Take After My Mom Vintage Tshirts Black The Franks had been living spread out on the Roman frontier as “Roman-lovers” for hundreds of years. They were in a very real way not outsiders bursting in, but an established if fringe and crude Romanesque culture seizing pre-eminence. There is a reason why they eventually assumed the Roman seat themselves: they were an Imperial people, and they saw themselves as continuers of Roman institutions. Their kingdoms, although politically barbarian monarchies, were in civil society and discourse very much Romanized. They valued learning, preserved and expanded significantly upon Roman systems, and used the Church as a substitute for the civility they themselves did not have. The Norsemen were largely outside the Roman cultural sphere; but in terms of the scale of their power, they compete with the Romans on their own merits. The Norse, or Varangians, set themselves as “civilizers” over the Slavic and Finnish tribes of eastern Europe, colonised Europe and Asia just as the Romans did, and had an almost global reach: their easternmost colonies were in northern Iran, their westernmost in the New World. The power and cohesion of their civites, the origin of the idea of civilization, granted them centuries of economic dominance and the largest territorial empire in Europe, the Rus’ Rurikovich state. The Anglo-Saxons are not remotely comparable to the Franks or Norsemen in terms of political or economic power. The main reason for their inclusion in this list is that when the Norsemen conquered them and took their name, they became a Great Power in Europe, and some of that Plantagenet light splashed back on the name of the English. Yet if civilization is actually civilized, then the Anglo-Saxons may well come out on top. Where both Franks and Normans butchered nations, colonized countries and “made a desert, and called it peace”, the Anglo-Saxons lived without any serious bloodshed in a calm part of the world. That’s not what makes it into the history books, but no news is good news where historians are concerned. 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Almost all of the written sources for the Viking Age were written centuries afterwards and such tiny details have not been very well conserved. In Norway, though, it has been believed for the longest time that “Heil ok sæll” (or “Heil ok sæl”, in the feminine) was a typical Viking-Age greeting (Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka + Page on snl.no). To be fair, “heil” exists in a form or another, in most germanic languages (even when it became ´hey´) and “sæll” exists in modern Icelandic, the closest thing there is to the language(s) of the Viking Age. In addition, this idiom exists ina few Medieval Icelandic sagas, STURLAUGS SAGA STARFSAMA (Sturlaugs saga starfsama) and Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla (Saga Magnús blinda ok Haralds gilla) as well as Njáls saga (Njála, 116 – WikiSaga) but both, as I said, post-date the viking age by quite some time (especially Sturlaug’s). It is also found in the Medieval poem Skiðarima if you are interested (Skíðaríma – heimskringla.no). Of all of these sources, two are set up in a mythological/Heroical setting (STU + SKI), one is set in the Middle Ages (MAG) and one is set in the Viking Age (NJA). Therefore, I personally don’t think we can say for sure this idiom was used then. However, a few other sagas include the term “að heilsa” to mean “to greet” and it seems that it was much more widespread in the literature. T-Shirt AT Fashion LLC – DODOL Clothing Store
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